August_13

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August 13

Events

• 3114 BC - According to the Lounsbury correlation, the start of the Maya calendar.

• 1516 - The Treaty of Noyon between France and Spain is signed. Francis recognises Charles's claim to Naples, and Charles recognises Francis's claim to Milan.

• 1521 - Tenochtitlán (present day Mexico City) falls to conquistador Hernán Cortés.

• 1536 - Buddhist monks from Ky?to's Enryaku Temple set fire to 21 Nichiren temples throughout Kyoto in the Tenbun Hokke Disturbance. (Traditional Japanese date: July 27, 1536).

• 1553 - Michael Servetus is arrested by John Calvin in Geneva as a heretic.

• 1704 - War of the Spanish Succession: Battle of Blenheim - English and Austrians victorious over French and Bavarians.

• 1792 - Louis XVI of France is formally arrested by the National Tribunal, and declared an enemy of the people.

• 1814 - The Convention of London, a treaty between the United Kingdom and the United Provinces, is signed in London.

• 1831 - Nat Turner sees a solar eclipse, which he believes is a sign from God. Eight days later he and 70 other slaves kill approximately 55 whites in Southampton County, Virginia.

• 1889 - German Ferdinand von Zeppelin patents his "Navigable Balloon"

• 1913 - Otto Witte, an acrobat, is purportedly crowned King of Albania.

• 1913 - First production in the UK of stainless steel by Harry Brearley.

• 1918 - Women enlist in the United States Marine Corps for the first time. Opha Mae Johnson is the first woman to enlist.

• 1918 - Bayerische Motoren Werke AG (BMW) established as a public company in Germany.

• 1920 - Polish-Soviet War: Battle of Warsaw begins, lasts till August 25. The Red Army is defeated.

• 1937 - Battle of Shanghai begins.

• 1940 - World War II: Battle of Britain begins - the Luftwaffe launches a series of attacks on British fighter bases and radar installations.

• 1954 - Radio Pakistan broadcasts the National Anthem of Pakistan for the first time.

• 1960 - The Central African Republic declares independence from France.

• 1961 - The German Democratic Republic closes the border between the eastern and western sectors of Berlin, to thwart its inhabitants' attempts to escape to the West.

• 1968 - Alexandros Panagoulis attempts to assassinate the Greek dictator Colonel G. Papadopoulos in Varkiza, Athens.

• 1969 - The Apollo 11 astronauts are released from a three-week quarantine to enjoy a ticker-tape parade in New York. That evening, at a state dinner in Los Angeles, they're awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by Richard Nixon.

• 1978 - 150 Palestinians in Beirut are killed in a terrorist attack during the Second Phase of the Lebanese Civil War.

• 1979 - The roof of the uncompleted Rosemont Horizon near Chicago, Illinois collapses, killing 5 workers and injuring 16.

• 2004 - Hurricane Charley, a Category 4 storm, strikes Punta Gorda, Florida and devastates the surrounding area.

• 2004 - 156 Congolese Tutsi refugees massacred at the Gatumba refugee camp in Burundi.

• 2008 - Michael Phelps sets the Olympic record for most the gold medals won by an individual in Olympic history with his win in the men's 200m butterfly.

Births

• 582 - Arnulf of Metz, French bishop and saint (d. 640)

• 1311 - King Alfonso XI of Castile and Leon (d. 1350)

• 1584 - Theophilus Howard, 2nd Earl of Suffolk, English politician (d. 1640)

• 1625 - Rasmus Bartholin, Danish physician, mathematician, and physicist (d. 1698)

• 1662 - Charles Seymour, 6th Duke of Somerset, English politician (d. 1748)

• 1666 - William Wotton, English scholar (d. 1727)

• 1700 - Heinrich, count von Brühl, German statesman (d. 1763)

• 1717 - Louis François I, Prince of Conti, French military leader (d. 1776)

• 1752 - Maria Carolina of Austria, queen of the Two Sicilies (d. 1814)

• 1764 - Louis Baraguey d'Hilliers, French general (d. 1816)

• 1790 - William Wentworth, Australian explorer and politician (d. 1872)

• 1792 - Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen, queen consort of the United Kingdom (d. 1849)

• 1803 - Vladimir Odoevsky, Russian philosopher and writer (d. 1869)

• 1814 - Anders Jonas Ĺngström, Swedish physicist (d. 1874)

• 1818 - Lucy Stone, American suffragette (d. 1893)

• 1819 - George Gabriel Stokes, Irish physicist (d. 1903)

• 1820 - Sir George Grove, English music historian (d. 1900)

• 1823 - Goldwin Smith, English-born historian and journalist (d. 1910)

• 1841 - Johnny Mullagh, Australian First Class cricketer (d. 1891)

• 1851 - Felix Adler, German-born educator (d. 1933)

• 1860 - Annie Oakley, American sharpshooter (d. 1926)

• 1866 - Giovanni Agnelli, Italian industrialist (d. 1945)

• 1872 - Richard Willstätter, German chemist, Nobel Prize Laureate (d. 1942)

• 1879 - John Ireland, English composer (d. 1962)

• 1884 - Harry Dean, England cricketer (d. 1957)

• 1887 - Julius Freed, American inventor and banker (d. 1952)

• 1888 - John Logie Baird, Scottish television pioneer (d. 1946)

• 1888 - Gleb W. Derujinsky, Russian-American sculptor (d. 1975)

• 1889 - Camillien Houde, Quebec politician, mayor of Montreal (d. 1958)

• 1890 - Ellen Osiier, Danish Olympic champion fencer (d. 1962)

• 1895 - Bert Lahr, American actor (d. 1967)

• 1899 - Alfred Hitchcock, English film director (d. 1980)

• 1902 - Felix Wankel, German engineer and inventor (d. 1988)

• 1904 - Charles 'Buddy' Rogers, American actor (d. 1999)

• 1907 - Sir Basil Spence, Scottish architect (d. 1976)

• 1908 - Gene Raymond, American actor (d. 1998)

• 1911 - William Bernbach, Famous Advertiser (d. 1982)

• 1912 - Ben Hogan, American golfer (d. 1997)

• 1912 - Salvador Luria, Italian-born biologist, Nobel Prize Laureate (d. 1991)

• 1913 - Fred Davis, English snooker player (d. 1998)

• 1913 - Makarios III, Archbishop and first President of Cyprus (d. 1977)

• 1914 - Luis Mariano, Basque operetta singer (d. 1970)

• 1917 - Sid Gordon, American baseball player (d. 1975)

• 1918 - Frederick Sanger, English chemist, Nobel Prize Laureate

• 1919 - Rex Humbard, American television evangelist (d. 2007)

• 1919 - Sir George Shearing, British jazz pianist

• 1920 - Neville Brand, American actor (d. 1992)

• 1926 - Fidel Castro, Cuban revolutionary and politician

• 1929 - Pat Harrington, Jr., American actor

• 1930 - Don Ho, American musician (d. 2007)

• 1930 - Bernard Manning, English comedian (d. 2007)

• 1930 - Wilmer David Mizell, American baseball player (d. 1999)

• 1933 - Joycelyn Elders, American physician, 15th Surgeon General of the United States

• 1935 - Mudcat Grant, American baseball player

• 1935 - Rod Hull, British television entertainer (d. 1999)

• 1938 - Dave "Baby" Cortez, American pop keyboardist

• 1940 - Bill Musselman, American basketball head coach (d. 2000)

• 1941 - Erin Fleming, Canadian actress (d. 2003)

• 1943 - Michael Willetts, English George Cross recipient (d. 1971)

• 1944 - Divina Galica, British athlete and racing driver

• 1944 - Kevin Tighe, American actor

• 1945 - Lars Engqvist, Swedish politician

• 1945 - Robin Jackman, England cricketer

• 1947 - John Stocker, Canadian actor

• 1947 - Margareta Winberg, Swedish politician

• 1948 - Kathleen Battle, American soprano

• 1949 - Bobby Clarke, Canadian ice hockey player

• 1949 - Philippe Petit, French high wire artist

• 1951 - Dan Fogelberg, American singer/songwriter (d. 2007)

• 1952 - Herb Ritts, American photographer (d. 2004)

• 1952 - Hughie Thomasson, American musician (d. 2007)

• 1954 - Nico Assumpçăo, Brazilian musician (d. 2001)

• 1955 - Keith Ahlers, British racing driver

• 1955 - Hideo Fukuyama, Japanese racing driver

• 1955 - Paul Greengrass, English film director

• 1958 - David Feherty, golfer

• 1958 - Fergal Sharkey, musician

• 1958 - Randall Shughart, American Medal of Honor recipient (d. 1993)

• 1959 - Danny Bonaduce, American actor

• 1959 - Tom Niedenfuer, American baseball player

• 1959 - Bruce French, England cricketer

• 1960 - Phil Taylor, English darts player

• 1960 - K?ji Kond?, Japanese composer

• 1961 - Christos Christodoulou, Greek basketball player

• 1961 - Dawnn Lewis, American actress

• 1961 - Neil Mallender, England cricketer

• 1961 - Stuart Maconie, English music writer and broadcaster

• 1961 - Tom Perrotta, American novelist

• 1961 - Sunil Shetty, Indian Actor, Producer

• 1962 - Thanos Kalliris, Greek singer

• 1962 - John Slattery, American actor

• 1963 - Sridevi, Indian actress

• 1964 - Jay Buhner, American baseball player

• 1964 - Hank Cheyne, American actor

• 1965 - Mark Lemke, American baseball player

• 1965 - Hayato Matsuo, Japanese composer

• 1966 - Shayne Corson, Canadian ice hockey player

• 1966 - Sean Hood, American screenwriter

• 1967 - Amélie Nothomb, Belgian writer

• 1967 - Quinn Cummings, American actress

• 1969 - Midori Ito, Japanese figure skater

• 1970 - Will Clarke, American novelist

• 1970 - Elvis Grbac, American football player

• 1970 - Matt Hyson, American professional wrestler

• 1970 - Alan Shearer, English footballer

• 1971 - Moritz Bleibtreu, German actor

• 1971 - Patrick Carpentier, Quebec racing driver

• 1971 - Rolando Molina, Salvadoran-born actor

• 1972 - Kevin Plank, American entrepreneur (Under Armour)

• 1972 - John Safran, Australian television presenter.

• 1973 - Brittany Andrews, American pornographic actress

• 1973 - Molly Henneberg, American journalist

• 1973 - Eric Medlen, American drag racer and rodeo star (d. 2007)

• 1974 - Jarrod Washburn, American baseball player

• 1974 - Sam Endicott, American singer (The Bravery)

• 1975 - Shoaib Akhtar, Pakistani cricketer

• 1975 - James Carpinello, American actor

• 1975 - Joe Perry, English snooker player

• 1975 - Marty Turco, Canadian ice hockey player

• 1976 - Jody Thompson, Canadian actress

• 1977 - Michael Klim, Australian swimmer

• 1979 - Román Colón, Dominican baseball player

• 1979 - Corey Patterson, American baseball player

• 1979 - Taiz? Sugimura, Japanese politician

• 1980 - Panagiotis Markouizos, Greek figure skater

• 1982 - Shani Davis, American speed skater

• 1983 - Ales Hemsky, Czech ice hockey player

• 1983 - Sebastian Stan, Romanian/American actor

• 1984 - Boone Logan, American baseball player

Deaths

• 586 - Radegund, consort of Clotaire I

• 900 - King Zwentibold of Lotharingia (b. 870)

• 1134 - Piroska of Hungary, consort of John II Comnenus (b. 1088)

• 1382 - Eleanor of Aragon, consort of John I of Castile (b. 1358)

• 1523 - Gerard David, Flemish painter

• 1617 - Johann Jakob Grynaeus, Swiss Protestant clergyman (b. 1540)

• 1667 - Jeremy Taylor, Irish author and bishop (b. 1613)

• 1686 - Louis Maimbourg, French historian (b. 1610)

• 1721 - Jacques Lelong, French bibliographer (b. 1665)

• 1744 - John Cruger, Dutch-born American politician and mayor of New York City (b. 1678)

• 1749 - Johann Elias Schlegel, German critic and poet (b. 1719)

• 1755 - Francesco Durante, Italian composer (b. 1684)

• 1826 - René Laënnec, French physician (b. 1781)

• 1863 - Eugčne Delacroix, French painter (b. 1798)

• 1865 - Ignaz Semmelweis, Austro-Hungarian physician (b. 1818)

• 1910 - Florence Nightingale, English nurse (b. 1820)

• 1912 - Jules Massenet, French composer (b. 1842)

• 1917 - Eduard Buchner, German chemist, Nobel Prize Laureate (b. 1860)

• 1937 - Arthur Plunkett, Australian civil engineer (b. unknown)

• 1946 - H. G. Wells, English writer (b. 1866)

• 1948 - Elaine Hammerstein, American actress (b. 1897)

• 1958 - Otto Witte, German acrobat and claimant to the Albanian throne (b. 1868)

• 1965 - Ikeda Hayato, Japanese politician (b. 1899)

• 1982 - Joe Tex, American singer and songwriter (b. 1933)

• 1984 - Tigran Petrosian, Soviet-Armenian chess player (b. 1929)

• 1986 - Way Bandy, American make-up artist (b. 1941)

• 1989 - Tim Richmond, American race car driver (b. 1955)

• 1989 - Larkin Smith, American politician (b. 1944)

• 1991 - Jack Ryan, American designer (Barbie) (b. 1926)

• 1995 - Jan K?esadlo, Czech writer (b. 1926)

• 1995 - Mickey Mantle, American baseball player (b. 1931)

• 1995 - Rob Slater mountain climber (1960)

• 1996 - António de Spínola, Portuguese general and politician (b. 1910)

• 1996 - David Tudor, American pianist and composer (b. 1926)

• 1998 - Nino Ferrer, French-Italian singer and composer (b. 1934)

• 1998 - Julien Green, American novelist (b. 1900)

• 1998 - Waneta Hoyt, American serial killer (b. 1946)

• 1999 - Jaime Garzón, Colombian journalist and comedian (b. 1960)

• 2000 - Nazia Hassan, Pakistani pop singer (b. 1965)

• 2001 - Otto Stuppacher, Austrian race car driver (b. 1947)

• 2003 - Ed Townsend, American songwriter and producer (b. 1929)

• 2004 - Julia Child, American chef and television personality (b. 1912)

• 2005 - David Lange, 32^nd Prime Minister of New Zealand (b. 1942)

• 2006 - Tony Jay, English actor (b. 1933)

• 2006 - Jon Nödtveidt, Swedish vocalist (b. 1975)

• 2006 - Payao Poontarat, Thai Olympic boxer (b. 1957)

• 2007 - Brian Adams, American professional wrestler (b. 1964)

• 2007 - Brooke Astor, American philanthropist (b. 1902)

• 2007 - Yone Minagawa, Japanese supercentenarian (b. 1893)

• 2007 - Phil Rizzuto, American baseball player and sportscaster (b. 1917)

• 2008 - Bill Gwatney, American political figure (b. 1959)

• 2008 - Dino Toso, American Formula-1 engineer (b. 1969)

• 2008 - Jack Weil, American businessman (b. 1901)

• 2008 - Sandy Allen, American tallest woman in the world (b. 1955)

• 2008 - Henri Cartan, French mathematician (b. 1904)

• 2009 - Les Paul, American guitarist and inventor (b. 1915)